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Terminal & Game — képernyő / idő

This example introduces the képernyő (terminal I/O) and idő (timing) modules, together with the lista suffixes that support framebuffer-style grid manipulation. These are the building blocks used in the Téglatörő / Brickbash game (examples/games/).

Terminal output without a newline

-nyomtat / -write writes its value to stdout with no trailing newline, unlike the standard -képernyőre / -print effect channel.

program-ours-effect
    "Row 1: "-write-doing.
    "A"-write-doing.
    " B"-write-doing.
    " C\n"-write-doing.    // newline added explicitly
// prints: Row 1: A B C

program-nk-hatás
    "1. sor: "-nyomtat-va.
    "A"-nyomtat-va.
    " B"-nyomtat-va.
    " C\n"-nyomtat-va.
// kiírja: 1. sor: A B C

Timed output with -sleep / -vár

-sleep / -vár pauses for N milliseconds and is pass-through — it returns its input unchanged.

program-ours-effect
    "3"-write-doing.
    0-sleep-it  800-with.
    " 2"-write-doing.
    0-sleep-it  800-with.
    " 1"-write-doing.
    0-sleep-it  800-with.
    " Go!\n"-write-doing.

program-nk-hatás
    "3"-nyomtat-va.
    0-vár-t  800-val.
    " 2"-nyomtat-va.
    0-vár-t  800-val.
    " 1"-nyomtat-va.
    0-vár-t  800-val.
    " Rajt!\n"-nyomtat-va.

Building a grid with -repeat, -set, -index, and -chars

A framebuffer is a List[List[str]] — a 2-D grid of single characters. These four suffixes build and manipulate it.

Suffix Role
-repeat / -ismét Fill a row with N copies of a character
-chars / -karakterek Split a string into a character list (for loading from a file)
-set / -beállít Non-mutating replace at index (returns a new list)
-index / -index Read element at index 
program-ours-effect
    // Build a 5-column row of dots
    row-into  "."-repeat-it  5-with.
    row-print-doing.             // ['.', '.', '.', '.', '.']

    // Stamp an X in the middle
    row-into  row-set-it  2-with  "X"-with.
    row-print-doing.             // ['.', '.', 'X', '.', '.']

    // Read back the centre cell
    centre-into  row-index-it  2-with.
    centre-print-doing.          // X

    // Build a 3-row grid from strings
    grid-into  []-it.
    grid-into  grid-"###"-chars-append-it.
    grid-into  grid-"#.#"-chars-append-it.
    grid-into  grid-"###"-chars-append-it.

    // Replace centre cell of middle row
    mid-into   grid-index-it  1-with.     // ['#', '.', '#']
    mid-into   mid-set-it  1-with  "O"-with.
    grid-into  grid-set-it  1-with  mid-with.
    grid-print-doing.
    // [['#', '#', '#'], ['#', 'O', '#'], ['#', '#', '#']]

program-nk-hatás
    // 5 oszlopos sor pontokból
    sor-ba  "."-ismét-t  5-val.
    sor-képernyőre-va.           // ['.', '.', '.', '.', '.']

    // X a közepébe
    sor-ba  sor-beállít-t  2-val  "X"-val.
    sor-képernyőre-va.           // ['.', '.', 'X', '.', '.']

    // Középső cella visszaolvasása
    közép-ba  sor-index-t  2-val.
    közép-képernyőre-va.         // X

    // 3 soros rács szövegből
    rács-ba  []-t.
    rács-ba  rács-"###"-karakterek-hozzáad-t.
    rács-ba  rács-"#.#"-karakterek-hozzáad-t.
    rács-ba  rács-"###"-karakterek-hozzáad-t.

    // Középső sor közepének cseréje
    sor-ba   rács-index-t  1-val.     // ['#', '.', '#']
    sor-ba   sor-beállít-t  1-val  "O"-val.
    rács-ba  rács-beállít-t  1-val  sor-val.
    rács-képernyőre-va.
    // [['#', '#', '#'], ['#', 'O', '#'], ['#', '#', '#']]

Rendering a framebuffer with -render / -rajzol

-render / -rajzol takes a List[List[str]], enters the terminal alternate screen buffer (on first call), and draws each row as a line. -clear / -töröl exits the alternate screen so the game-over message appears in the normal shell history.

program-ours-effect
    // Build a tiny 3 × 5 grid
    empty-into  " "-repeat-it  5-with.
    grid-into   empty-repeat-it  3-with.

    // Draw a cross
    r1-into   grid-index-it  1-with.
    r1-into   r1-set-it  2-with  "+"-with.
    grid-into grid-set-it  1-with  r1-with.

    // Render loop — 10 frames
    i-into  0-it.
    loop-ours-while
        i-10-below-it.
        grid-render-doing.
        0-sleep-it  100-with.
        i-into  i-1-add-it.

    0-clear-doing.
    "Done.\n"-write-doing.

program-nk-hatás
    üres-ba   " "-ismét-t  5-val.
    rács-ba   üres-ismét-t  3-val.

    s1-ba     rács-index-t  1-val.
    s1-ba     s1-beállít-t  2-val  "+"-val.
    rács-ba   rács-beállít-t  1-val  s1-val.

    i-ba  0-t.
    ciklus-unk-míg
        i-10-alatt-t.
        rács-rajzol-va.
        0-vár-t  100-val.
        i-ba  i-1-össze-t.

    0-töröl-va.
    "Kész.\n"-nyomtat-va.

The game

The full Téglatörő / Brickbash game combines all of the above — level loading from a file, a game loop driven by -key / -billentyű, grid cell updates with -set + -index, and rendering with -render. Run it from the project root:

ragul futtat examples/games/téglatörő.ragul    # Hungarian
ragul run    examples/games/en/brickbash.ragul  # English

Source: examples/games/téglatörő.ragul · examples/games/hu/téglatörő.ragul · examples/games/en/brickbash.ragul